The book documents more than four decades of efforts in air quality monitoring, environmental management, and climate change in the country. In a context where air pollution is responsible for more than 7 million premature deaths annually worldwide, the text shows how environmental monitoring has evolved from a limited technical practice to a fundamental pillar of public policy, health, and climate action. This transformation allows us to understand not only the past but also the current challenges in a context where air quality and climate change are increasingly interconnected.